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Nylon
Nylon is one of the most used synthetic fabrics; Since it was produced as a replacement for silk by DuPont, it has had unprecedented growth in usage across all sectors – apparel, industrial, home furnishing, automatic, construction, etc. The nylon fabric is preferred for its qualities like strength, resistance to abrasion, flexibility, quick-drying, water resistance, etc.
Polyester
Polyester was another discovery by the DuPont company. It is now the most popular apparel fabric in the world. The durability and strength of polyester fabric along with its cost-effectiveness and easy maintenance make it the chosen fabric for most fast-fashion labels.
Acrylic
Acrylic, a fabric that closely resembles wool fabric is a pure synthetic fabric. It is understandably made as a substitute for wool. You get acrylic wool yarn which can be knitted into fabric or you can buy acrylic clothing at a fraction of the price of wool, but just as warm and soft. In fact, many wool garments that you buy may be made of acrylic. The uninformed person can easily be fooled because of its close resemblance to wool in softness and appearance.
Spandex
Spandex is a true blue synthetic fabric made of Polyurethane with a lot of elasticity; an alternative name for spandex is Elastane. It can stretch up to 400% of its original length and spring back in the same condition. It is lightweight and can wick moisture from the body. This fabric is the most popular choice for clothing that requires flexibility like sports apparel, exercise wear, form-fitting clothes, swimwear, etc. Most of the casual clothing today will have some amount of spandex fibers woven into its fabric.
Olefin
"Olefin fiber is a synthetic fiber made from a polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene". It is not much of an apparel fabric but it is widely used in home furnishing, making ropes, etc. It is one of the most environmentally friendly fabrics among synthetic fabrics as the production process is so and it is recyclable. It is strong, lightweight, durable, and is available in many textures.
Microfiber
Microfiber is a synthetic textile made from ultra-fine yarns like acrylic, polyester, and nylon. Microfiber is 1/20 the diameter of a silk fiber, which is the finest of natural fibers. It is used to make clothes and upholstery and very famously as cleaning cloth.

Polymer that is to be converted into fibre must first be converted to a liquid or semiliquid state, either by being dissolved in a solvent or by being heated until molten. This process frees the long molecules from close association with one another, allowing them to move independently. The resulting liquid is extruded through small holes in a device known as a spinnerette, emerging as fine jets of liquid that harden to form solid rods with all the superficial characteristics of a very long fibre, or filament. This extrusion of liquid fibre-forming polymer, followed by hardening to form filaments, is called spinning (a term that is actually more properly used in connection with textile manufacturing). Several spinning techniques are used in the production of man-made fibre, including solution spinning (wet or dry), melt spinning, gel spinning (a variant on solution spinning), and emulsion spinning (another variation of solution spinning).

The spinning processes produce some orientation of the long polymers that form spun filaments. Orientation is completed by stretching, or drawing, the filament, a process that pulls the long polymer chains into alignment along the longitudinal axis of the fibre and causes them to pack closely together and develop cohesion. Wherever the polymer chains are able to pack closely together in a fibre, there is a tendency toward an ordered arrangement of the atoms with respect to one another. These tightly packed bundles of molecules are called crystallites, because they are regions that possess the regular and precise arrangement of atoms characteristic of all crystals. Between the crystallites are regions in which the molecules have not been able to align themselves so precisely. These are called amorphous, or noncrystalline, regions. In considering fibre structure, then, the polymer chains may be regarded as regions of ordered crystalline arrangement embedded in amorphous material.
Fibres change in appearance as they are drawn. In the undrawn state, nylon is usually dull and opaque; as the filaments are drawn and molecular orientation increases, the filaments acquire the transparency and lustre characteristic of drawn nylon.

Texturing is the formation of crimp, loops, coils, or crinkles in filaments. Such changes in the physical form of a fibre affect the behaviour and hand of fabrics made from them. Hand, or handle, is a general term for the characteristics perceived by the sense of touch when a fabric is held in the hand, such as drapability, softness, elasticity, coolness or warmth, stiffness, roughness, and resilience. For continuous yarns used in apparel, a number of texturing processes may be employed either in a textile factory or by the fibre producer. In the latter case the yarns are referred to as producer-textured yarns. Most apparel texturizing techniques are high-speed processes. Processes for large tows may run at lower speeds but at higher volume.

In order for staple fibres to be spun into yarn, they must have a waviness, or crimp, similar to that of wool. This crimp may be introduced mechanically by passing the filament between gearlike rolls. It can also be produced chemically by controlling the coagulation of a filament in order to create a fibre having an asymmetrical cross section-that is, with one side thick-skinned and almost smooth and the other side thin-skinned and almost serrated. When wet, such fibres swell to a greater extent on the thin-skinned side than on the thick-skinned side, causing a tendency to curl.
A similar effect can be produced from bicomponent fibres. These are fibres spun from two different types of polymer, which are extruded through holes set side-by-side in such a way that the two filaments join as they coagulate. When the filament is drawn, the two polymers extend to different degrees, producing a helical crimp when the strain is relaxed.
One popular texturizing process is false-twisting. In this technique, twist is inserted into a heated multifilament yarn running at high speed. The yarn is cooled in a highly twisted state, so that the twist geometry is set, and then the yarn is untwisted. Untwisting leaves filaments that are still highly convoluted, allowing the production of a textured yarn of much greater volume than the yarn would be in an untextured state.

Air-jet texturing is used with a single type of yarn or with a blend of filament yarns. In the latter case fancy yarn mixtures are obtained. This method of texturing is carried out by feeding a wet yarn or a dry yarn plus a small amount of water into a high-speed jet of air. Yarns textured in such a process contain a large number of very fine filaments, however, increasing the probability of entanglement.